This study was a evalence survey during the malaria. The accuracy of results of malaria diagnosis is dependent on training, experience, and motivation of the microscopist as well. Use of intermittent presumptive treatment ipt during pregnancy. Issues related to the prevalence, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and outcome of malaria in pregnancy are discussed separately, as are general details on treatment of uncomplicated and severe malaria. Malaria chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. It is generally agreed that this risk ends with delivery and decreases with the number of pregnancies. Jan 30, 2018 over the past 10 years, knowledge of the burden, economic costs, and consequences of malaria in pregnancy has improved, and the prevalence of malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum has declined substantially in some geographical areas. It is a leading cause of death and disease in many developing countries, where young children and pregnant women are the groups most affected. Malaria in pregnancy geneva foundation for medical education. However, a pregnant woman may show no signs of clinical malaria. Pdf prevalence of malaria in pregnant women in lagos. Until now, the reports of the prevalence of malaria in pregnancy were variable and high, especially in the southwest nigeria where prevalence rates of between 36. Prevalence of malaria infection and risk factors associated.
Malaria poses a serious health risk to the pregnant. Prevalence of malaria in pregnancy during the study period was 8. Prevalence of malaria in pregnant women in lagos, southwest. Chico rm, mayaud p, ariti c, mabey d, ronsmans c, chandramohan d. Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy the lancet. Investing in malaria in pregnancy in subsaharan africa. Other studies on malaria in pregnancy in areas of endemic and stable transmission have shown considerably higher malaria prevalence rates among pregnant women. The 201415 uganda malaria indicator survey 201415 umis was implemented by the uganda bureau of statistics ubos and the national malaria control programme nmcp of the uganda ministry of. Malaria chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc. Malaria poses a serious health risk to the pregnant woman but the unborn child is.
However, our results of higher prevalence of malaria in pregnancy are in accordance with the earlier observations ranging from 1. Factors identified to increase the risk of malaria infection. Malaria during pregnancy poses substantial risk to the mother, her fetus, and the neonate. The estimated pooled prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in ethiopia was 12. Prevalence of malaria in pregnancy in southern laos.
Malaria in pregnancy 3 1 background malaria in pregnancy mip contributes significantly to maternal and neonatal mortality 1. Prevalence of malaria and sexually transmitted and. A comparable prevalence of malariaassociated deaths has been. Malaria infection during pregnancy is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. The nmcp supports the who multipronged approach toward mip with the provision and use of an itn during pregnancy, intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy iptp with sulfadoxinepyrimethamine sp, and prompt and effective case management of malaria. Malaria testing was done through a rapid diagnostic test rdt as well as blood smear microscopy. Malaria, a parasitic infection transmitted by mosquitoes, is one of the most devastating infectious diseases, killing more than 1 million people annually. The prevalence of parasitaemia appears greatest in the second and third trimesters and susceptibility to clinical malaria may persist into the post partum period. Epidemiology and risk analysis of malaria among pregnant women.
Women with positive rdts for malaria as well as anaemic women were treated according to the national guidelines. Malaria in pregnancy national malaria control programme. Figure 3 presents the risk estimates odds of malaria infection throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. From 1986 to 2010, a total of 773 women were treated for malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy, 64 of them with artemisinin derivatives 42. Prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria in the. Malaria in pregnancy the burden of malaria in pregnancy globally, an estimated 3.
The effects of malaria during pregnancy include spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, low birth weight, stillbirth, congenital infection, and maternal death. Anaemia testing was carried out using the hemocue system. One thousand eight hundred and thirty five pregnant women were screened using mrdt during the study period and out of these 148 were positive for malaria. Malaria prevalence, severity and treatment outcome in. The prevalence of malaria at delivery was higher in the. Malaria is the second most common cause of infectious diseaserelated death in the world, after tuberculosis. Prevalence of malaria and sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections in pregnancy in subsaharan africa. Moreover, malaria is increasingly associated with unwanted pregnancy outcomes such as an increased risk of abortion, stillbirth, premature delivery, and lowbirthweight infants. A study was made to determine the prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women on admission in imo state specialist hospital owerri between july to august 2012.
Malaria during pregnancy has been most widely evaluated in africa, south of the sahara where 90% of the global malaria. We obtained data on the prevalence of malaria infection in pregnant women from the malaria in pregnancy library. The prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in ethiopia. P falciparum infections during pregnancy in africa rarely result in fever and. However, in contrast with low malaria prevalence in adults, pregnant women in endemic areas are highly susceptible to malaria, and both the frequency and. Prevalence rates reported for malaria in pregnancy in nigeria vary considerably. Ozowara and 2ngozi okoh 1department of applied biology, ebonyi state university, abakaliki, nigeria 2department of biological sciences, evangel university, akaeze, nigeria. Malaria, pregnant women, mean parasite density, prevalence, risk factors, giemsa stain, argungu. Since pregnant women are most vulnerable to malaria, implementation of the appropriate prevention. Jun 25, 2003 in areas where malaria is endemic, pregnancy is associated with increased susceptibility to malaria. In areas where malaria is highly endemic, a protective semiimmunity against plasmodium falciparum is acquired during the first 1015 years of life, and the majority of malaria related morbidity and mortality happens in young children. In semiimmune pregnant women, malaria infection may be asymptomatic, pregnant women are at risk of clinical disease compared to non pregnant women at all levels of endemicity harrison, 1995.
Clinicians caring for patients with suspected severe malaria should call cdc to obtain iv artesunate. Recommended interventions for malaria prevention and control during pregnancy policies for malaria prevention and control during pregnancy in areas of stable transmission should emphasize a package of intermittent preventive treatment and use of insecticidetreated nets and ensure effective case management of. Prevalence and effect of malaria in pregnancy among antenatal. Most of these studies focused on pregnant women with selective approach, tend towards screening for mostly febrile, or had a recent history of fever cases and thus may have. Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy iptp is a highly costeffective preventive malaria intervention that significantly improves the health of mothers and their newborns in. The purpose of the current study was to identify factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the sunyani municipal hospital in ghana. Malaria in pregnancy mip is a major, preventable cause of maternal morbidity and poor birth. Malaria during pregnancy is a major public health concern and an important contributor to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality in malaria endemic countries. Malaria infection during pregnancy presents mostly as asymptomatic infection. Prevalence of malaria and use of malaria risk reduction.
All patients with severe malaria, regardless of infecting species, should be treated with intravenous iv artesunate. Prevalence of pregnancyrelevant infections in a rural. Studies from burkinafaso, 22 ethiopia 5 and kenya 23 have found similar malaria prevalence rates. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinic for their first visit are a potential pragmatic sentinel group to track the intensity of malaria transmission. Zonal prevalence of malaria fever among pregnant women in. The cdc malaria hotline 7704887788, or tollfree 85585647 is available mondayfriday 9am5pm est. Malaria infection in pregnancy is a major cause of maternal death, maternal anemia, and adverse pregnancy outcome spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, growth restrictionlow birth weight, stillbirth, congenital infection, neonatal mortality in geographic areas where malaria infection occurs commonly in pregnant. Furthermore, studies outside of africa have increased the evidence base of plasmodium vivax in pregnancy malaria. Among the women who were screened for malaria during the first, second, and third month of pregnancy, the prevalence of malaria infection was 16. In line with who guidelines, pmi supports a threepronged approach to reducing malaria in pregnancy. Although there are limited national data and statistics on the burden of malaria in somalia, it is considered a major public health problem in the country. The prevalence of malaria in this population was 7.
Pdf abstract malaria during pregnancy poses a substantial risk to mother and foetus especially an infection with plasmodium falciparum. Figure 3 presents the risk estimates odds of malaria infection throughout the first trimester of pregnancy after adjustment for gravidity. This study was a evalence survey during the malaria pr. Malaria in pregnancy occurred significantly more in women who failed to adhere to subsequent doses of iptp than in those who adhered 24.
This study evaluated malaria careseeking behaviour, as well as the prevalence of parasitaemia and anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of two tertiary healthcare facilities in edo state, nigeria. To prevent the adverse outcomes of mip, who recommends the use of insecticidetreated mosquito nets itns, and effective case management of malaria and anaemia in pregnant women. Our study aimed to demonstrate relationships between malarial parasitaemia and age, gravidity and anaemia in pregnant women in libreville, the capital city of gabon. A dire situation that often results into maternal fatalities.
A study was made to determine the prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant. However, in contrast with low malaria prevalence in adults, pregnant women in endemic areas are highly susceptible to malaria. Specific treatment options depend on the species of malaria, the severity of infection, the likelihood of drug resistance based on where the infection was acquired, and the patients age and pregnancy. All studies were original research published in english and contained the minimum information concerning sample size and status of malaria. The west armachiho district is a malaria endemic lowland area where communities are experiencing hyperendemic malaria transmission. Aug 11, 2017 anaemia in pregnancy is an important health issue resulting in high maternal morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of malaria in pregnant women in lagos, south. Malaria in pregnancy mip is a major, preventable cause of maternal morbidity and poor birth outcomes. Most studies come from subsaharan africa, where approximately 25 million pregnant women are at risk of plasmodium falciparum infection every year, and one in four women have evidence of placental infection at the time of delivery. Malaria primarily affects low and lower income countries and within endemic countries, the. Malaria remains a major public health problem in nigeria where it is endemic. Specific treatment options depend on the species of malaria, the severity of infection, the likelihood of drug resistance based on where the infection was acquired, and the patients age and pregnancy status. Malaria remains a major public health problem and a global threat to humanity especially in subsaharan africa. Cdc clinicians are on call 24 hours to provide advice to clinicians on the diagnos is and treatment of malaria and can be reached through the malaria hotline 770 4887788.
Until the early 20th century the problem of malaria in pregnancy was not. The prevalence of malaria in this study was lower than the abovementioned studies. Prevalence and risk factors associated with malaria infection among. In africa, malaria infection in pregnancy is a major threat to the lives of mothers, fetuses, and infants. Clinical malaria cases are suspected and investigated on the basis of malaria associated sign and symptoms in various studies including community based epidemiological studies. In settings with an hiv prevalence among pregnant women greater than 10 %, it is more cost effective to treat all women with a 3dose regimen than to screen for hiv and provide the regimen only to hiv. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria. Prevalence of malaria infection in pregnant women compared. A crosssectional study involving pregnant women seeking antenatal care at the sunyani municipal hospital was conducted. The european regulatory guidelines for labelling of medicines use in.
May 27, 2009 until now, the reports of the prevalence of malaria in pregnancy were variable and high, especially in the southwest nigeria where prevalence rates of between 36. Because malaria cases are seen relatively rarely in north america, misdiagnosis by clinicians and laboratorians has been a commonly documented problem in published reports. Malaria in pregnancy pregnant women have higher densities and prevalences of parasitemia stable transmission. Recently, there has been a resurgence of malaria in densely populated areas of the united states secondary to human migration from endemic areas where factors such as cessation of vector control. According to the world health organizations world malaria report 2017 pdf.
Prevalence of malaria among pregnant mothers and possible relationship to parity in abakaliki, southeast nigeria 1oliver odikamnoro, 1angela iganga, 1nneka l. Malaria during pregnancy remains a major public health concern in tropical and subtropical countries. Outcome and complications of malaria in pregnancy gomal journal of medical sciences julydecember 2008, vol. Malaria can be treated effectively early in the course of the disease, but delay of therapy can have serious or even fatal consequences. Of the 2,304 eligible children, more than 99% provided blood for rdt, malaria microscopy, and anaemia. It is estimated to affect between 350 to 500 million people annually and accounts for 1 to 3 million deaths per year. Malaria infection in pregnancy is a major cause of maternal death. Malaria is a multiorgan disease and can present with splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, cerebral malaria, severe anemia, and renal failure. We found a high prevalence of infections caused by hepatitis b virus 16. Malaria infection during pregnancy is a significant public health problem with substantial risks for the pregnant woman, her fetus, and the newborn child.
These reports contrast sharply with our findings in this same region with a prevalence rate of 7. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria and possible risk. Full text prevalence of malaria and associated risk. Prevention of malaria in pregnancy, which can have serious conse. Over the past 10 years, knowledge of the burden, economic costs, and consequences of malaria in pregnancy has improved, and the prevalence of malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum has declined substantially in some geographical areas. Malaria in pregnancy in rwanda report of a prevalence study. May, 2016 malaria prevalence and its severity in pregnancy. However, malaria may be a common illness in areas where it is transmitted and therefore the diagnosis of malaria should routinely be considered for any febrile person who has. The 2017 tanzania malaria indicator survey 2017 tmis was implemented by the national bureau of statistics nbs and office of the chief government statistician ocgs, zanzibar, in collaboration with the ministry of. Review epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy bvs. In most endemic areas of the world, pregnant women are the main adult risk group for malaria.
Prevalence of malaria infection in pregnant women compared with. In contrast, infections caused by hepatitis c virus 1. Malaria is a maternal, newborn and child health issue because these groups of people are most at risk for infection. Malaria and the costs of treatment trap families in a cycle of illness, suffering and poverty.
Despite this low percentage, pregnant women with malaria should be considered a highrisk group because the disease makes these women more. What is the danger of malaria in pregnancy mip each year,mip is. Prevalence of malaria among pregnant mothers and possible. The burden of malaria in africa distribution of endemic malaria source. Malaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. Pregnant women are more likely than nonpregnant women to become infected with malaria and to have severe infection. The placenta is a good breeding area for plasmodium due to the presence of the adhesion molecules. Prevalence and effect of malaria in pregnancy among. Pregnant women have a decreased level of immunity making them more susceptible to malaria.
934 1360 753 95 436 130 311 281 149 125 1056 76 743 156 1536 284 401 1210 1571 274 1355 1547 1068 960 1347 7 504 584 128 886 1285